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新高考英语新题型概要写作如何突破?

  2.新高考卷写作分为两部分:

  第一部分:应用文写作15分(80词左右);

  第二部分:读后续写(150词左右)或者概要写作(60词左右)25分(两种形式在不同考次不定期使用)。

  应用文写作与往年的写作变化不是很大,已为广大师生所熟悉,但是第二节的读后续写或概要写作是一种新题型,之前考试中考生并未接触过。为方便广大师生尽早熟悉这种题型,高效备考,特作以下解读。

  读后续写

  概要写作(summary)是在把握原文的前提下,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文,也可称之为摘要。

  这一题型一方面考查通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力,另一方面也考查写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

  因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

  特点

  客观性:概要写作其实是一种客观的复述,在正确理解原文的基础上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,写作内容要全面,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容;写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。

  考生应通过释义的方式,用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法,或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。

  简洁性:简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节减少例证,简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。

  连贯性:概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时,必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。

  概要写作是一项复杂的思维任务,要从一篇350词以内的短文中提炼出60词左右的内容概要,必须要掌握一定的方法,它要求写作者具有很高的阅读和重组技巧。因此,其写作过程也较为复杂,考生可以按照以下四个步骤进行:

  1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握文章主旨和结构,明确各段的大意。

  2)弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要,不是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。

  3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

  4)在写作时要特别注意下面几点:

  (1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。

  (2)安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。

  (3)注意要点之间的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。

  (4)不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

  (5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。

  评分原则

  1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。

  2.评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。

  3.词数少于40的和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。

  4.评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑:

  (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;

  (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;

  (3)上下文的连贯性;

  (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

  5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

  6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。

  各档次的给分范围和要求:

新高考英语新题型概要写作如何突破?

  样题解析

  阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

  Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a meansto block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hotwater could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thoughtto lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses inhis kingdom. So did the king ofEnglandin 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europelived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famouslydirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean watersupply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, itseems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World WarII. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter thanwhite, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however,gone too far?Attitudes to dirt stilldiffer hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn theirchildren off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread ofdisease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter (后者) position is gaining someground.

  范文(仅供参考)

  One possible version:

#p#分页标题#e#

  People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)

  范文点拨(仅供参考)

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