高考生巩固英语基础知识的方法

　　高考生巩固英语基础知识的方法

　　一、首先明确复习目的

　　简言之，第一轮复习的“主要目的是基础能力过关”。目前，高考英语试题在重视英语基础知识的同时，突出对语言运用能力的考查，形成了以篇章阅读为主体的试题布局。高三复习的最终目的是提高考生的语言运用能力，但知识是能力的基础，对能力的测试必然要结合对知识的测试，这是对考生多年积累的、系统化的、活化的知识测试：大量的知识考查通过能力测试得以实现，熟练掌握英语基础知识正是为发展英语运用能力做准备。例如，在做“阅读理解”时，如果考生复习时没有熟练掌握英语基础知识，就理解不了解构复杂的句子，看不懂篇章内容，这又如何能正确地解答试题呢?同样，做“书面表达”试题时，如果没有一定量的词汇知识和语法知识，就谈不上正确的英语表达，怎么可能写出通顺的英语短文?

　　二、紧跟教学掌握方法

　　对于如何搞好英语一轮复习，能飞老师提出以下建议：

　　1. 抓课本、重基础、强化词句的积累

　　英语基础知识的复习要以课本为纲，按照知识之间的内在联系，将它们进行分类整理。在这个过程中，要注意以新带旧，使初中和高中所学的知识形成系统，总结出规律性，这样才能融会贯通，也才能把知识转化为能力。

　　考生应以高中课本为主要教材，在老师的带领下深入挖掘教材中的语言知识，巩固语言基础，对课本中反复出现的语言知识进行科学归类和巧妙整理，找出其中的规律、抓住线索。复习知识是为了运用知识，而网络化的知识更便于运用，更有利于学科能力的培养。考生只有经过对所学的教材进行层层挖掘才有希望把知识形成网络。这对其实现知识向能力的迁移有重要的影响，有利于实际运用能力的提高，并在应考中运用自如。

　　考生要在老师的帮助下构建知识网络。在老师的帮助下，在认真学习和研究《考试说明》的基础上，按照知识的内在联系，将其要点进行分类整理(内容包括词汇、句型、语法、交际用语、篇章结构等方面)，从而使六年所学的零散的、孤立的知识有机地结合起来，使已学知识网络化，形成一个完整的知识体系，从而摸索出带有规律性的东西。

　　考生在使新旧知识网络化、系统化的过程中，应力争使知识以点带线、以线带面、以新带旧、以旧促新。深入挖掘课本中的经典词句，按照考纲的要求和考题的思路设置成练习题，既巩固重点语言知识，又能不断渗透高考试题的出题思路和解题技巧。

　　2. 抓语篇学习、重阅读能力

　　从近几年来的高考试题来看，死记硬背，强化训练，沉湎于“题海战术”是难以出好成绩的。将中心和重心放在单项填空上是不合时宜的。因此，要根据自己的实际情况，也可请求老师的帮助，制定出切实可行的复习计划。做到按部就班，有条不紊，循序渐进。其中，语篇学习最应引起考生的足够重视。　　高中课本中文章题材广、内容新颖，知识覆盖面宽。因此，考生应充分利用高三课本中的阅读材料，从文章的内容、文章的结构、作者的观点、态度及相关的背景知识巧妙设置问题，不断提高自己的阅读能力，开拓知识视野。同时，文章的新颖内容还可以提高对英语的学习兴趣。　　3. 精选习题，有效训练　　复习中，首先应按照老师的节奏、充分有效地利用好课堂时间、提高听课的效率。对平时老师布置的作业要及时、认真完成，不浮躁。　　建议考生应有针对性地加强运用练习。通过结合高考考点进行针对性训练，在很短的时间内复习完所有的语言知识，提高复习效率，以便有充裕的时间进行听力、完形填空、阅读等专项能力训练和模拟训练，避免在复习课本知识和培养能力之间顾此失彼。在此基础上，通过科学系统的训练，提高英语交际能力，从而收到事半功倍的效果。

　　考生选择的复习资料不宜过多、要精当、系统性好一些，必须是正规出版社出版的。如果辨别能力较差，可多咨询老师，请老师帮忙把关。此外，如果考生哪方面能力相对比较弱，可以有针对性地适当补充这方面的专项练习材料，所有的东西都应该是在完成老师规定的任务之后再做的。并且，练习中要注意几种题型的搭配。

　　三、时刻注意避免误区

　　要注意下列误区：

　　1.每天清账不留死角

　　在本学期的复习中，不少考生的通病是觉得“做题越多越好”，而丢弃了对基础知识的巩固，对自己反复出错的地方思考少。为此，实际上在做题上，应重 “质”甚于重“量”，要多思考、多总结。在复习中，有一点非常重要，务必做到不欠账。也就是说，在每天的课堂学习中、做题过程中遇到的不明白、不清楚的内容务必及时弄懂、把问题消化在当天，“疑问”不过夜。如此一来，每天都有进步。反之，积累的问题越来越多，在此后的复习中会成为包袱、成为能力提升的路障。

　　2. 单词不宜“死记硬背”

　　单词是英语复习大厦的“砖头”，是英语学习的基础。单词，需要经常记忆。在基础复习上，别给下学期留下遗憾。考生必须坚持每天记单词。给自己制定一个计划，从高一的课本开始，对单词进行归纳、记忆。

　　高考英语常考知识点总结

　　1.句式要有变化：① 复合句、并列句 ② 倒装句

　　(1) 虚拟语气中if省略 (2)only+状语置于句首

　　(3)否定词置于句首 (4)地点副词置于句首

　　③ 强调句型　　It is ……that (who)… 　　④

　　非谓语动词。

　　⑤ 虚拟语气

　　⑥ 固定句型结构

　　too…to… so…that… such a…that… not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that… either…or… 　　⑦直接引语与间接引语　　多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构

　　2.要使用高等级词汇及短语

　　① 使用高等级词汇 ② 使用短语 ③ 使用谚语 ④ 使用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth; the very; on earth等

　　⑤ 使用修辞手法:明喻，暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等

　　as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat. as cool as a cucumber

　　3. 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，一气呵成

　　1) 用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：

　　above before me here on the left

　　across below in the distance on the right

　　beyond nearby opposite to over

　　also further next to on top of

　　up down close to beneath

　　under around near to along

　　2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有

　　soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,

　　this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening

　　3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有

　　first, second, etc. now for this purpose

　　but as a result furthermore

　　finally at last moreover

　　also therefore likewise

　　another for example next

　　yet for instance on the contrary

　　once in addition in summary

　　such in this case on the other hand

　　then otherwise in conclusion 　　t

　　hus

　　4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有

　　another moreover in addition (to)

　　equally important too, also at the same time

　　besides then in the same way

　　in fact like, similarly

　　5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有

　　on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite

　　in spite of, yet, but ,whereas, unlike nevertheless not only…butalso here…there years)one ago…today the former…the latter then…now some…others one…the other once…now

　　on (the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)

　　6)逻辑关系

　　递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)

　　转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country(相反)， after all(毕竟)

　　总结: finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(总之)，

　　in conclusion(最后)。强调: indeed(确实)， certainly(一定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)。对比: in the same way(同样地)， just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand

　　4.写作中使用率最高覆盖面最广的基本句式

　　以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。

　　1、表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that... 6)We have good reason to believe that...

　　例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

　　2、表示好处 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us.

　　例如： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

　　3、表示坏处 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us.

　　例如： However，everything

　　divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

　　4、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life.

　　例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon， computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

　　5、表示措施 1)We should take some effective measures. 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 3)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.

　　例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.

　　6、表示变化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. 3)The computer has brought about many changes in education. 例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

　　7、表示事实、现状 1)We cannot ignore the fact that... 2)No one can deny the fact that... 3)There is no denying the fact that... 4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5)However，that’s not the case.

　　例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

　　8、表示比较 1)Compared with A，B... 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striking contrast between them.

　　例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.

　　9、表示数量 1)It has increased(decreased)from...to... 2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000. 3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 　　例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased. 　　再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

　　10、表示看法 1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...

　　例如： People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.

　　再如： Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it. 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。

　　11、表示结论 1)In short，it can be said that ... 2)It may be briefly summed up as follows. 3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ...

　　例如： From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved.注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。

　　12、套语 1)It’s well known to us that ... 2)As is known to us，... 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that ... 5)As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way.?

　　例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an ‘ivory tower’. As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate. 　　再如： Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.

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