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　　状语从句

　　一、定义

　　在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

　　二、状语从句一般分为八大类

　　时间状语从句   地点状语从句

　　原因状语从句   目的状语从句

　　结果状语从句   条件状语从句

　　方式状语从句   让步状语从句

　　1. 时间状语从句

　　When  ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

　　When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

　　When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或     be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。

　　I was walking along the street , when I met him.

　　When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。

　　Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

　　When=after

　　When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

　　While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。

　　While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

　　While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。

　　We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

　　As --- 一边……一边, 随着

　　She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

　　As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。

　　As I was going out, it began to rain.

　　The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,

　　---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

　　---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

　　Not… until --- 直到……才

　　He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

　　Before --- 在……之前

　　The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

　　After --- 在…… 之后

　　The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

　　Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

　　I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

　　It is just a week since we arrived here.

　　As soon as --- 一……就……

　　Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

　　No sooner than --- 一……就……

　　no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装

　　Hardly …when…

　　Scarcely …when…

　　No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

　　Once  --- 一但……就……

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当

　　Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

　　2. 条件状语从句

　　引导状语从句的连接词有：

　　If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件

　　If ---如果

　　If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

　　Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

　　We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

　　As long as --- 只要

　　We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

　　As (so) far as --- 据……所知

　　As far as I know, he speaks English very well.

　　In case --- 假使, 如果

　　The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

　　Provided that 如果,有时省略 that

　　The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.

　　On condition that --- 条件是…

　　He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.

　　注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

　　If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.

　　3. 地点状语从句

　　地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever

　　Where --- 在……地方

　　Where there is a will, there is a way.

　　Wherever --- 无论哪里

　　Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

　　4. 原因状语从句

　　because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

　　Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.

　　Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

　　As --- 因为, 通常放在句首

　　As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

　　Since ---既然  因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

　　Since everybody has come, we can set off.

　　Now that --- 既然

　　Now that you are here, you can join us.

　　considering that --- 顾及到

　　Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

　　seeing that --- 由于

　　Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

　　5. 结果状语从句

　　引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…

　　such…that  So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that

　　Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.

　　So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去

　　Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

　　Such …that… ---太……以至于  用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。

　　The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

　　6. 目的状语从句

　　引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest

　　(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等

　　Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

　　in order that --- 为了, 与so that  相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等

　　School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

　　for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)

　　He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.

　　in case --- 万一

　　You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.

　　Lest --- 以防万一

　　The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.

　　7.  让步状语从句

　　引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.

　　Although, though ---虽然 although  和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。

　　Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.

　　Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

　　As --- 尽管  as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。

　　Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

　　Even if /even though ---即使

　　Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.

　　However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装

　　He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

　　No matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）

　　He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.

　　Whatever --- 不管

　　Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.

　　While ---尽管

　　While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

　　Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用

　　Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.

　　8. 方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句常由: as,  as if,  as though

　　as ---与…… 一样

　　Do in Rome as the Romans do.

　　as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气

　　She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.

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