一是继续创新和加强宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。去年宏观调控面临多难抉择，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是依靠改革创新来稳增长、调结构、防风险，在区间调控基础上，加强定向调控、相机调控。积极的财政政策力度加大，增加的财政赤字主要用于减税降费。全面推开营改增试点，全年降低企业税负5700多亿元，所有行业实现税负只减不增。制定实施中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，确保地方既有财力不变。扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模，降低利息负担约4000亿元。稳健的货币政策灵活适度，广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13%左右的预期目标。综合运用多种货币政策工具，支持实体经济发展。实施促进消费升级措施。出台鼓励民间投资等政策，投资出现企稳态势。分类调控房地产市场。加强金融风险防控，人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，维护了国家经济金融安全。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.

Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation. We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts. The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector. A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged. More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2 money supply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent. We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption. We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize. We exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market. We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks. The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. With these measures, we have safeguarded China's economic and financial security.

二是着力抓好“三去一降一补”，供给结构有所改善。以钢铁、煤炭行业为重点去产能，全年退出钢铁产能超过6500万吨、煤炭产能超过2.9亿吨，超额完成年度目标任务，分流职工得到较好安置。支持农民工在城镇购房，提高棚改货币化安置比例，房地产去库存取得积极成效。推动企业兼并重组，发展直接融资，实施市场化法治化债转股，工业企业资产负债率有所下降。着眼促进企业降成本，出台减税降费、降低“五险一金”缴费比例、下调用电价格等举措。加大补短板力度，办了一批当前急需又利长远的大事。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks -- cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness -- thereby improving the composition of supply.

Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors. Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets. Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees.

We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes; and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.

Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises.

To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions(Notes: This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes). We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.

三是大力深化改革开放，发展活力进一步增强。全面深化改革，推出一批标志性、支柱性改革举措。围绕处理好政府和市场关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上，去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项，清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。深化商事制度改革。全面推行“双随机、一公开”，增强事中事后监管的有效性，推进“互联网+政务服务”。推动国有企业调整重组和混合所有制改革。建立公平竞争审查制度。深化资源税改革。完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。推进科技管理体制改革，扩大高校和科研院所自主权，出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。放开养老服务市场。扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。