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Full text: Human Rights Record of the United States in 2018(14)

寻求庇护的妇女、儿童惨遭虐待和性侵。英国《独立报》网站2018年5月23日报道,美国边境执法人员虐待寻求庇护儿童的案件数量惊人增长。有116起虐待寻求庇护儿童的事件被披露,涉事人员被指控对5至17岁的儿童进行身体、性或心理上的虐待。《得克萨斯州论坛报》网站6月20日报道,休斯敦南部的施隆收容所被指控强迫移民儿童服用精神控制药物,导致儿童头痛、情绪低落、敏感紧张、恐惧等。美国移民委员会网站8月30日报道,亚特兰大移民拘留中心卫生条件糟糕,被拘留的移民经常受到“关禁闭”和“单独囚禁”等惩罚。(注44)



Women and children seeking asylum suffered from abuses and sexual assaults. The website of The Independent on May 23, 2018 said there has been a startling increase in the number of instances where US Border Patrol officers have abused children seeking shelter in the United States. It quoted a previous disclosure from the American Civil Liberties Union that detailed 116 incidents where officers were alleged to have physically, sexually, or psychologically abused children between the ages of five and 17. The Texas Tribune website reported on June 20, 2018 that children held at the Shiloh Treatment Center, a government contractor south of Houston that houses immigrant minors, were subdued with powerful psychiatric drugs. The children were forcibly injected with medications that made them dizzy, listless and afraid of people and caused some long-term side effects. According to a report on the American Immigration Council website on August 30, the Atlanta City Detention Center, used by the U.S. authorities to hold individuals in immigration proceedings, were found to have problems such as unsanitary environment and rampant use of lockdown and isolation (immigrationimpact.com, August 30, 2018).


《纽约时报》网站11月12日报道,得克萨斯州边境巡逻队的执法人员埃斯特班·曼扎纳雷遇到3名寻求庇护的女性移民,其中有2名未成年人。他将3人驱赶到距边境16英里的一个树林,在那里性侵了一名女孩,毒打了另外两人,之后把流血不止的她们扔在了灌木丛中。检方提供的信息显示,得克萨斯州南部过去4年至少有10人被边境执法人员绑架、强奸或谋杀。美国有线电视新闻网12月26日报道,7岁的危地马拉女孩杰奎琳·卡奥12月8日在被美国海关及边境保卫局拘留后不到48小时死亡。12月24日平安夜,又一名8岁的危地马拉男孩费利佩·阿隆佐-戈麦斯在该机构监管下死亡。



The New York Times website reported on November 12, 2018 that Esteban Manzanares, a Border Patrol agent in Texas, driven three women, including two teenagers, who crossed border to seek shelter, to an isolated, wooded area 16 miles outside the border city. There he sexually assaulted one girl and viciously attacked two others and left them, finally, to bleed in the brush. The report said that over the past four years, at least 10 people in South Texas have been victims of murder, kidnapping or rape by Border Patrol agents. According to a report by the CNN on December 26, 2018, Jakelin Caal Maquin, a 7-year-old girl from Guatemala, died December 8 in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, fewer than 48 hours after CBP detained her. Another 8-year-old Guatemalan boy, Felipe Alonzo-Gomez, died late Christmas Eve in the agency's custody.


联合国机构严厉谴责美国移民政策。2018年6月2日,联合国人权与国际团结问题独立专家依照联合国人权理事会第35/3号决议提交报告指出,美国政府奉行民粹主义,使用带有种族主义和仇外色彩的措辞污蔑和诋毁移民,并将儿童与其寻求庇护的父母强行分开,上述行径严重危及移民的生命权、尊严和自由权等多项人权。(注45)英国《卫报》网站6月5日报道,联合国人权官员拉维娜·沙姆达尼称:“将拘留和强制拆散家庭作为威慑非正常入境人员的手段,违反了人权标准和原则。美国应立即停止拆散家庭的做法。”她呼吁美国作为全世界唯一未批准《儿童权利公约》的国家应充分尊重儿童权利。



Strong condemnation of the U.S. immigration policies from UN institutions. A report of the UN Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity, submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 35/3, criticized the populism and the racist and xenophobic languages to describe immigrants used by the U.S. administration as well as practices to separate children from their parents. It said these practices had imperiled the immigrants' human rights, including their rights to life, dignity and liberty (UN document A/73/206). A report by The Guardian website on June 5, 2018 quoted Ravina Shamdasani, a UN human rights official, as saying that "the use of immigration detention and family separation as a deterrent [against illegal immigration] runs counter to human rights standards and principles. The US should immediately halt this practice." She noted that the United States was the only country in the world not to have ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child. She called on the United States to fully respect children's rights.


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