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Full text: Human Rights Record of the United States in 2018(8)

Minority voters were disenfranchised. According to a report of the American Civil Liberties Union on October 12, 2018, North Dakota's restrictive voter ID law required voters to bring to the polls an ID that displays a current residential street address. As many of Native Americans live on reservations in rural areas and don't have street addresses, the law disenfranchised thousands of Native Americans. Twenty-three states since 2010 have passed some type of voter suppression law, while 17 have voter suppression laws that target Native Americans and other indigenous people, according to an online report of the National Catholic Reporter. The Reuters website reported on November 28, 2018 that during the mid-term elections, due to an "exact match" policy adopted in Georgia, 70 percent of the voters whose registrations were pending before the election were black. African-Americans account for about one-third of the state's population. On August 11, 2018, the Economist commented on its website that in the south of the United States, some states adopted laws to impose rigid requirements on African-American voters. "They seem to push America back towards the early 20th century, when blacks were systematically prevented from voting."


非洲裔因肤色而成为警方枪击的无辜受害者。英国广播公司网站2018年11月12日报道,芝加哥郊区一家酒吧的26岁非洲裔保安杰梅尔·罗伯逊制服了一名持枪斗殴嫌犯,但赶到的警察却开枪射杀了正在控制嫌犯的罗伯逊。目击者称,当时大家都在喊“他是一个保安”,但警察看到持枪的是非洲裔男子,还是向他开了枪。11月22日感恩节当晚,亚拉巴马州一家购物中心内发生枪击案,21岁的非洲裔男子小伊曼蒂克·菲茨杰拉德·布拉德福德在帮助其他顾客脱离险境时,却被警方视为枪手而击毙。目击者称,他当时并未对任何人构成威胁。律师本·克朗普说:“布拉德福德无辜丧命令人震惊,再次证明非洲裔男性仅因肤色就被视作威胁而遭枪杀。”(注26)



African-Americans became innocent victims of police shooting because of their skin color. According to a BBC report on November 12, 2018, Jemel Roberson, a 26-year-old African-American security guard, was holding down a suspected armed attacker at a bar in suburban Chicago, but police shot and killed him upon arrival. A witness recounted that everybody was screaming out "he was a security guard," but police still did their job and saw a black man with a gun and opened fire on him.


On the Thanksgiving night of November 22, after a gunfire happened at an Alabama mall, Emantic "EJ" Fitzgerald Bradford Jr., a 21-year-old black who was helping other shoppers to safety, was mistaken for the gunman and shot three times from behind by police. Witnesses said he posed no threat to anyone at that time. Fitzgerald's "senseless death is the latest egregious example of a black man killed because he was perceived to be a threat due to the color of his skin," the newspaper quoted Ben Crump, the lawyer for Fitzgerald's family, as saying. (, December 4, 2018).


星巴克事件凸显非洲裔面临广泛歧视。2018年4月12日,两名非洲裔男子进入费城中心城区一家星巴克咖啡店使用洗手间,遭到店员拒绝并被要求离开。在二人拒绝离开后店员报警,警察赶到现场逮捕了他们。这一种族歧视行径引起了广泛抗议。费城警察局长起初辩称警察的做法“绝对没有任何错误”,后迫于压力才不得不作出道歉。舆论认为,这一事件让很多费城人目睹和重温了“种族定性的历史创伤”。(注27)英国《卫报》网站5月28日发表评论文章指出,星巴克事件显示出有色人种尤其是非洲裔美国人每天面临的歧视。(注28)



The Starbucks incident highlighted common discrimination against African Americans. On April 12, 2018, two African Americans entered a Starbucks in downtown Philadelphia and asked to use the restroom. But they were refused by store employees, and wouldn't leave when asked by the employees to do so. Police came and arrested them on the spot. This discriminatory act sparked protests. Philadelphia Police Commissioner Richard Ross at first defended that the police officers "didn't do anything wrong", but later apologized due to pressure. Philadelphia Mayor Jim Kenney said that the arrest caused many Philadelphians to witness and relive "the trauma of racial profiling" (, April 15, 2018; abcnews.go.com, April 19, 2018). Many say the Starbucks incident exposed discrimination that people of color and black people in particular face every day, said a report by the Guardian (, May 28, 2018).


少数族裔遭受司法歧视。《纽约时报》网站2018年6月7日报道,截至2017年,在舆论广泛关注的15起警察枪杀非洲裔案件中,只有一名警察被判入狱。美国死刑信息中心12月14日发布的全国死刑与种族统计数据显示,1976年以来的跨种族犯罪被执行死刑的案件中,有290名非洲裔因杀害白人而被执行死刑;相比之下,在白人是凶手而非洲裔是受害者的案件中,被执行死刑的白人仅有20人。(注29)《华盛顿邮报》网站7月29日报道,根据对近10年美国大城市杀人案的统计数据,杀死白人的犯罪嫌疑人被捕的可能性为63%,而杀死非洲裔的犯罪嫌疑人被捕的可能性仅为47%。



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