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过去学好英语是为了认识世界,今天学好英语是为了了解中国(3)

针对网络谣言问题,欧美出现了PolitiFact、Snope、FactCheck这样的第三方事实核查职业机构。他们由信息专家、媒体从业者和各领域的专业人才组成,对热门谣言进行着专业可靠的辟谣和核实工作,弱化错误信息的病毒式传播,努力保障着社交网络上的信息质量。

但可惜,事实核查机构实际上并没有被移植到中国来。这里有的只是谣言的泛滥与放纵,营销号的刻意歪曲事实,投喂偏见。

Snope就是一家著名的第三方事实核查机构。


Snope就是一家著名的第三方事实核查机构。

面对舆论环境里的信息污染,人类其实是毫无抵抗力的,他们本身就会更容易去相信与自己既有观念相符的东西,而去忽略可能会不一致的信息。甚至在长期的单向信息灌输后,让读者看到与原有认知不一样的辟谣信息,不仅不能弱化他的错误观念,反而还会强化其原有偏见,把辟谣当作造谣。

人类的认知缺陷其实很严重,我们在对自己的观念信心百倍前,都需要先反思下自己是如何接触并吸收塑造了这些观念的信息的。要知道,你接触的信息环境,其实在一开始就锚定了你的思维高度。只阅读质量可疑的中文资讯,再努力的独立思考,其实也是事倍功半。

参考文献:

1、BBC. The amazing benefits of being bilingual.

2、Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(4), 240-250.

3、Costa, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2014). How does the bilingual experience sculpt the brain?. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(5), 336-345.

4、Dearden, J. (2014). English as a medium of instruction–a growing global phenomenon. British Council.

5、Fan, S. P., Liberman, Z., Keysar, B., & Kinzler, K. D. (2015). The exposure advantage: Early exposure to a multilingual environment promotes effective communication. Psychological Science, 26(7), 1090-1097.

6、Gil, J. (2008). China’s English language environment. English Language Teaching, 1(1), 3.

7、Guzmán-Vélez, E., & Tranel, D. (2015). Does bilingualism contribute to cognitive reserve? Cognitive and neural perspectives. Neuropsychology, 29(1), 139.

8、Hakuta, K., & Diaz, R. M. (1985). The relationship between degree of bilingualism and cognitive ability: A critical discussion and some new longitudinal data. Children’s language, 5, 319-344.

9、Jean, J. (1998). Relationship between degree of bilingualism and mathematical word problem solving (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University).

10、Kim, G. H., & Cui, L. Y. Are Fansubs More Trustworthy than Subtitles in China?.

11、Kovács, ?. M., & Mehler, J. (2009). Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(16), 6556-6560.

12、Liberman, Z., Woodward, A. L., Keysar, B., & Kinzler, K. D. (2017). Exposure to multiple languages enhances communication skills in infancy. Developmental science, 20(1).

13、Liu, W. (2017). The changing role of non‐English papers in scholarly communication: Evidence from Web of Science's three journal citation indexes. Learned Publishing, 30(2), 115-123.

14、Marian, V., & Shook, A. (2012, September). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. In Cerebrum: the Dana forum on brain science (Vol. 2012). Dana Foundation.

15、Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: general and applied, 76(27), 1.

16、Ronen, S., Gon?alves, B., Hu, K. Z., Vespignani, A., Pinker, S., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2014). Links that speak: The global language network and its association with global fame. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(52), E5616-E5622.

17、Rubio-Fernández, P., & Glucksberg, S. (2012). Reasoning about other people's beliefs: bilinguals have an advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(1), 211.

18、Web Technology Surveys. Usage Statistics and Market Share of Content Languages for Websites.

19、World Internet Statistics. Top Ten Internet Languages.

20、刘周岩.汉语对现代文明的贡献有多大.21、王君超, & 叶雨阳. (2015). 西方媒体的 “事实核查” 制度及其借鉴意义. 新闻记者, (8), 21-26.

22、叶雨阳. 给政客和大V“测谎”:谁在做?怎么做? 

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