2018考研英语已落下帷幕，今年英一考题的传统阅读部分在选项设计方面难度增加。第一篇阅读选自2017年2月14日Time Leader发表的名为“Their view： Postal Service needs more than just a quick fix”的文章，与历年的考研英语真题阅读一样，文中涉及到语法长难句以及相应的语法考点。下面就第一篇阅读进行长难句及语法考点解析。

　　Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign。

　　语法考点：定语从句；分词

　　句子主干Among the annoying challenges is one，facing the middle class分词短语作后置定语，修饰changes，that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词one，其中句子主干为主系表结构，主语：Among the annoying challenges；系动词：is；one表语。在that引导的定语从句中that指代先行词one，作主语，will go作谓语，unmentioned做宾语，in…campaign。作状语。

　　About half of U.S。 jobs are at high risk of being automated， according to a University of Oxford study， with the middle class disproportionately squeezed。

　　语法考点：分词

　　句子主干About half of U.S。 jobs are at high risk of being automated，主系表结构。according to a University of Oxford study插入语，with the middle class disproportionately squeezed。(with+名词+分词)独立主格结构作原因状语。其中主语是About half of U.S。 jobs，系动词：are；表语：at high risk of being automated

　　The Industrial Revolution didn‘t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms， but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed。

　　语法考点：定语从句，转折，比较结构

　　句子主干The Industrial Revolution didn‘t go so well for Luddites，but…destroyed.whose引导的定语从句。比较结构…more…than。其中主语为The Industrial Revolution，谓语：didn’t go…for(so well修饰谓语)，宾语：Luddites。Whose引导的定语从句，谓语：were displaced by(被动语态)；宾语：mechanized looms。But转折后的句子，主语为：it；谓语：由and连接的raised和created；宾语：living standards和jobs。…more…than比较结构中又有一个主语it，和谓语destroyed

　　Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut， and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded： This would boost incomes， encourage work， reward companies for job creation， and reduce inequality。

　　语法考点：并列

　　此句为并列句，其中第一个并列句中and连接主语为Taxes on low-wage labor和wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit；分别连接谓语：need(to be cut宾语)和should be expanded；第二个并列句中and连接四个谓语would boost，encourage，reward，reduce，分别对应的宾语是incomes，work， companies( [for job creation]介词短语作后置定语修饰companies)，inequality。

　　Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years， yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation。

　　语法考点：定语从句，转折；分词

　　句子主干Technology will improve society in ways。其中主语为Technology；谓语：will improve；宾语：society；方式状语：in ways，over the next few years作时间状语。Yet表转折，其后面的句子主语为this，谓语：will ，宾语：be little comfort to those。Who引导的定语从句，指代those，作主语，谓语：find；宾语：their lives and careers，upended by automation。分词短语做后置定语，修饰lives and careers。

　　Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts。

　　语法考点：分词；定语从句

　　句子主干：Destroying the machines would be nuts。 Destroying the machines动名词作主语，谓语：would；宾语：be nuts.that引导的定语从句修饰machines.that指代machines，做主语，谓语：are coming，for our jobs介宾短语。

　　综上分析，可见英语一第一篇阅读里面的长难句，是以考研英语语法三大从句之一的形容词性从句(定语从句)为主，同时分词考的也较多，多作为后置定语或者动名词做主语，其次则考的是并列结构居多，以及出现一次的比较结构。对于19届的考研学子来说，熟悉考研英语语法是至关重要的，尤其是掌握三大从句(名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句)以及相关语法点。最后提前预祝大家金榜题名！

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