2018年6月22日,联合国人权理事会移民人权问题特别报告员、土著人权利问题特别报告员、残疾人权利问题特别报告员、贩卖和性剥削儿童问题特别报告员、酷刑问题特别报告员、健康权问题特别报告员、任意拘留问题工作组副主席、消除对妇女歧视问题工作组主席、当代形式种族歧视问题特别报告员、贩运人口问题特别报告员、任意拘留问题工作组主席兼报告员、消除对妇女歧视问题工作组主席、打击针对妇女暴力问题特别报告员、当代种族歧视问题特别报告员发表联合声明,称美国政府强制将数千名移民儿童与父母分离并羁押,违反国际人权标准。针对儿童的惩罚性措施严重影响其发展,在某些情况下可能构成酷刑。利用儿童来阻止非正常移民是不可接受的。
On June 22, 2018, a group of UN experts, including Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities, Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Special Rapporteur on the right to health, Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Chairperson of the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice, Special Rapporteur on violence against women and Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, jointly issued a statement saying that forcibly separating thousands of migrant children from their parents and holding them in detention violated international human rights standards. It said detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture. "Children are being used as a deterrent to irregular migration, which is unacceptable."
八、单边主义不得人心
VIII. Unilateralism is Losing Ground
美国推卸国际责任,肆无忌惮地推行“美国优先”的单边主义政策,不断上演“退群”戏码,恃强凌弱,海外军事行动导致人权灾难,成为国际社会普遍谴责的“麻烦制造者”。
The United States shirked international responsibilities, carried out the unilateralist America First policies unscrupulously, repeatedly withdrew from international organizations, bullied the weak, and caused human rights disasters in its overseas military operations, and became a "trouble maker" that the international community widely condemned.
退出联合国人权理事会。继退出应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》等国际条约和联合国教科文组织等国际组织后,2018年6月19日,美国悍然宣布退出联合国人权理事会。此前一天,联合国人权事务高级专员办公室刚刚抨击了美国在边境地区将移民儿童与父母强制分离的做法。《大西洋月刊》网站2018年6月20日报道,人权专家称美国此举最阴险的意图是为了防止自身受到侵犯人权的指控。
Withdrawal from the UN Human Rights Council. After withdrawing from international treaties such as the Paris Climate Agreement and international organizations including the UNESCO, the United States brazenly announced its withdrawal from the UN Human Rights Council on June 19, 2018. Just a day earlier, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights criticized the United States for forcibly separating children from their parents after they crossed the border into the U.S. According to a report released by The Atlantic on June 20, 2018, human rights expert said that one of Trump's most likely, and most insidious, arguments for the move was to prevent the United States from being called out on its own alleged human-rights abuses.
减少人道主义援助。美国政府8月31日宣布将停止向联合国巴勒斯坦难民救济机构提供援助,并威胁要取消美国在约旦河西岸和加沙地带向巴勒斯坦方面提供的超过2亿美元援助项目。此举将加剧本已严峻的人道主义局势。(注46)
Reduction of humanitarian aid. The State Department announced on August 31 that the United States would no longer contribute to the United Nations relief agency for Palestinian refugees, and threatened to cancel the assistance programs to Palestine worth over 200 million U.S. dollars in the West Bank and Gaza, aggravating the already serious humanitarian situation in the area (, August 31, 2018; edition.cnn.com, August 31, 2018).
拒不关闭关塔那摩监狱。美国不顾多年来国际社会的强烈谴责和呼吁,违背承诺继续运行臭名昭著的关塔那摩监狱。大部分被关押在关塔那摩监狱的人都未经审判。(注47)《洛杉矶时报》网站2018年7月26日报道,一名被误认为是极端主义分子的巴基斯坦人,未经审判被关押在关塔那摩监狱长达14年之久,屡遭酷刑折磨,身体和精神遭受严重损害。
Refusal to close Guantanamo military prison. Despite years of strong condemnation and appeal from the international community, the United States decided to break its promise and keep the notorious Guantanamo military prison in Cuba open. Most of the prisoners were without trial (, February 1, 2018). Los Angeles Times reported on its website on July 26, 2018 that a Pakistani, mistaken for an extremist, was imprisoned and tortured in Guantanamo for as long as 14 years without trial, resulting in serious physical and mental damage.