Low-income populations lacked health insurance. In May 2018, Philip G. Alston, the United Nation's special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, published a report saying almost a quarter of full-time workers, and three quarters of part-time workers, received no paid sick leave. About 44 per cent of adults either could not cover an emergency expense or would need to sell something or borrow money to do it (, June 25, 2018). Gallup's annual poll, conducted in November 2018, found 46 percent of U.S. adults worry about not having enough money to pay for their healthcare (news.gallup.com, December 10, 2018). According to a new Urban Institute analysis, Texas had 19 percent of uninsured residents under age 65, totaling 4.7 million (abcnews.go.com, December 17, 2018).

无家可归者人数居高不下。美国住房和城市发展部的数据显示，超过50万美国人没有固定居所。许多无家可归者急需医疗救助并患有精神疾病。（注21）加利福尼亚州2018年4月发布的审计报告指出，2017年加利福尼亚州无家可归者人数达到134278人，比2016年增加16136人，居全国之首。（注22）在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提，无家可归者在市中心附近安营扎寨。当地法官罗伯特·鲁曼却宣称无家可归者营地是一种公害，并禁止在市中心及周边地区建立这种营地。（注23）

The number of homeless people stayed high. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, more than half a million Americans lacked permanent shelters. Many homeless individuals were in dire need of medical attention and suffered from mental illnesses (, October 1, 2018).  According to an audit report issued by the State of California in April 2018, the state had the largest number of homeless population in the nation, reaching 134,278 in 2017, an increase of 16,136 people over 2016 (). In Cincinnati of Ohio, homeless people set up camps near the heart of the city. But a local judge named Robert Ruehlman declared homeless camps a public nuisance and banned them in the affected part of downtown. He later expanded the ban to include most of the city and all of surrounding Hamilton County (, August 14, 2018).

吸毒致死和自杀人数持续攀升。美国疾病控制与预防中心2018年发布的报告显示，2014年以来，美国因吸毒致死人数年均增加16%，2017年超过7万人。自杀是美国的第十大死因。1999年以来，美国的自杀率上升了33%，2017年自杀人数超过4.7万。（注24）

Drug overdose deaths and suicides continued to rise. A report issued by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said drug overdose deaths among U.S. residents exceeded 70,000 in 2017. The rate had increased on average by 16 percent per year since 2014. Suicide was the 10th leading cause of death in the U.S. Since 1999, the suicide rate had climbed 33 percent. In 2017, more than 47,000 Americans killed themselves (nytimes.com, August 15, 2018).

四、种族歧视变本加厉

IV. Worsening Racial Discrimination

美国长期存在系统性种族歧视，少数种族选举权遭到限制，执法司法领域种族歧视未见改善，仇恨犯罪猖獗，少数种族处于极度不利地位。

Systematic racial discrimination has long existed in the United States. Ethnic minorities faced restrictions in exercising their voting rights. The law enforcement and judicial departments made no progress in reducing racial discrimination. Hate crimes were common. Minorities were at an extremely disadvantageous position.

系统性种族歧视遭到联合国批评。联合国消除种族歧视委员会第九十三届会议报告，以及联合国当代形式种族歧视问题特别报告员根据联合国大会决议撰写的报告指出，美国社会长期存在白人至上、煽动种族歧视和仇恨言论等现象。美国政府未能明确拒绝和遏制有关种族主义暴力事件和示威，包括总统在内的政府高官宣扬仇外的民族民粹主义言论，利用纸质媒体和社交媒体发表种族主义和仇外言论。（注25）

Systematic racial discrimination was criticized by the United Nations. According to the report of the ninety-third session of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance prepared pursuant to a UN General Assembly resolution, the phenomena of promoting white supremacy and inciting racial discrimination and hatred have long existed in American society. The United States failed to unequivocally reject and contain racist violent events and demonstrations. High-level politicians and public officials, including the President, propagated nationalist and populist remarks, and published racist and xenophobic statements on print and social media (UN documents A/73/18, A/73/312, A/73/305).

少数种族选民的选举权被剥夺。美国公民自由联合会网站2018年10月12日报道，北达科他州制定限制性法律，要求选民在投票时出示当前居住地址的证明文件。由于许多居住在郊区保留地的印第安人没有街道地址，这项法律剥夺了数千名印第安人的选举权。《天主教国家纪事报》网站5月22日报道，2010年以来，美国有23个州通过了某种形式的选民压制法，其中有17个州针对的是印第安人等土著居民。英国路透社网站11月28日报道，佐治亚州在中期选举中实施“完全匹配”政策，大量选民的投票权处于待定状态，其中70%是非洲裔，而非洲裔仅占该地区总人口的三分之一。英国《经济学人》网站8月11日评论称，美国南方一些州制定法律，对非洲裔选民行使选举权实施严苛限制，“仿佛使美国倒退到不允许黑人投票的20世纪初”。